In the opening essay (titled, “Seeking Justice In Hope”) of the second section of The Future of Hope: Christian Tradition Amid Modernity and Postmodernity, Nicholas Wolterstorff points out something that I have been feeling intuitively but not quite able to articulate. The “great commission” is not about evangelism, it is about power. Here is how he puts it:
bq. In the Gospel of Matthew we read that the last words spoken on earth to his disciples began, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me” (28:18). This theme, of all authority now belonging to Christ, is picked up at various points in the Pauline letters–most extensively in First Corinthians 15. Let me quote:
bq. “Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep. For as by a man came death, by a man has come also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. But each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ. Then comes the end, when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father after destroying every rule and every authority and power. For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet… When all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will also be subjected to him who put all things under him, that God may be everything to everyone.”
bq. What does this mean–that upon his resurrection, all authority in heaven and earth has been given to Christ, to be retained by him until such a time as he has defeated all competing rule, authority, and power, at which time he will deliver the kingship to the Father?
I think that much of the activity that falls under the heading of “church planting” is really an attempt to embody this great commission. As I read Wolterstorff I begin to realize that in my attempts to identify myself as an ecclesial dreamer I have made a faulty assumption. I can only speak for myself—though I fear I am not alone—when I confess that I have warped this commission in my mind by overlooking the context of power and reading it only in a context of evangelism.
When I attempt to identify with a character in the great commission narrative I have to create a new category to make my understanding fit. In the commission there are two characters—Christ and disciples of Christ. There is really no distinction of kind made between Christ’s own disciples and those future disciples. No where are the disciples encouraged to make disciples of themselves. It seems that Christ goes out of his way to indicate that both those who are sent and those being sent to are invited to be disciples of Christ. Christ levels the field of discipleship in the commission by showing that both stand in the same place of needing to submit to the authority given to Christ.
But as soon as we strip the concept of power from the commission and make it solely about “evangelism” we rationalize that those who are already disciples of Christ have certain knowledge or status that grants them authority over those poor lost souls who don’t know Him yet. In a subtle attempt to reclaim power we begin to see evangelism and discipleship as a one way process flowing from God, through us to the unredeemed. No longer standing on the level field we expect nothing from the unredeemed but for them to gladly receive the great stuff we have to give them. We certainly don’t expect to get anything from them. The first step in this process for them, ironically enough, is to confess that “we” are right and “they” are wrong. Once we reach this step our role in the process becomes necessary. Somewhere along this line of reasoning we become convinced of our own importance. We take it upon ourselves to perfect our special knowledge and “share” it with others not to make them disciples of Christ but disciples of ourselves. We become doctrine and morality police.
Now I am not saying that there is no role for exercising gifts such as teaching and preaching nor am I denying that there is inherent in those gifts a certain measure of authority. The point I am trying to make is that when we misunderstand what the great commission teaches us about power we will undoubtedly corrupt the nature of rule that makes the gifts of teaching and preaching tools for building people up rather than tearing them down. For me, this understanding of the great commission is shaping my ecclesial dreams in ways that are easier done than said. The first place I really feel the effects of this reshaping is in my understanding of “conversion” but I will try to explain that in a future post.